DISERTACION
PER MBROJTJEN E GRADES SHKENCORE “DOKTOR”
“POSEDIMI DHE MBROJTJA E TIJ”

Kandidati Altin SHKURTI

Udheheqesi shkencor Prof. Dr. Kudret £ELA

TIRANE, Tetor 2015

ABSTRAKT
Posedimi eshte nje institut me nje rendesi te veqante per te drejten civile, fakt qe ilustrohet nepermjet shprehjes sinjifikativ qe Common Law jep per te: ‘Possession is nine-tenths of the law. (Posedimi eshte nente te dhjetat e te drejtes). Nisur nga rendesia qe ai paraqet per te drejten, por edhe nga veshtiresia qe ai mbart ne vetvete, jemi perpjekur qe ne kete punim te trajtojme perkufizimin e nocionit te posedimit, elementet dhe llojet e tij, si dhe te shtjellojme te gjitha te drejta dhe pergjegjesite qe ligji i vesh posedimit. Posedimi, konsiston ne radhe te pare ne te drejten e pronarit qe te posedoje, nderkohe qe e drejta pranon se ai ekziston edhe ne nje menyre te pavarur nga pronesia. Ligji perdor per posedimin e zhveshur nga pronesia (te jo pronarit) nocione te ndryshme si posedim i ligjshem ose i paligjshem me mirebesim ose me keqbesim, ne varesi te plotesimit te kritereve ligjore te caktuara. Keto koncepte juridike te posedimit sigurisht qe gjejne trajtimin e tyre doktrinar ne kete punim. Posedimi perben per te drejten, nje marredhenie juridike qe perfshin personat dhe sendet dhe nje lidhje ndermjet personit qe posedonte dhe atij qe i jep poseduesit te drejten e posedimit. Pikerisht duke ndervepruar me institucionet e tjera te se drejtes se pronesise ai pasjelle edhe konsekuencat e tij ligjore te cilat lindin dhe shuhen bashke me fitimin dhe humbjen e tij dhe qe kane te bejne me fitimin e pronesise se sendeve te luajtshme me ane te posedimit me mirebesim, fitimin e pronesise me parashkrim fitues, fitimin e te ardhurave te sendit te poseduar, shperblimet per permiresimet dhe te drejten e mbajtjes, konsekuenca keto qe gjejne trajtimin e tyre ne kete punim. Nisur nga rendesia qe posedimi paraqet per te drejten, ajo i garanton atij edhe nje mbrojtje juridike te posaqme, te ciles gjithashtu i eshte kushtuar nje vemendje e duhur ne kete punim.
Fjale kyqe: posedim, nedoresi, posedim me mirebesim, posedim me keqbesim, fitimi me mirebesim i sendeve te luajtshme, parashkrim fitues, fruta natyrore, fruta civile, vetembrojtje, padi posedimore.
ABSTRACT
Possession is an institute with special importance for civil law. Such a fact is illustrated by a significant saying of Common Law for it: ‘Possession is nine-tenths of the law. Based on the importance it has in law, but also based on the difficulty it carries, we have tried in this work to treat the notion of possession, its elements and types, and also to elaborate all the rights and responsibilities that law vests possession with. Possession consists, firstly, in the owner’s right to possess, at a time that the law accepts that it exists independently of ownership. Law uses the possession divested of the ownership (of the non-owner) for different notions like legal or illegal possession in good faith or bad faith, depending on the completion of defined legal requirements. These legal concepts of possession are, of course, treated in a doctrinal way in this work. Possession constitutes for the right a legal relation involving persons and objects and a relation between the possessing person and the one giving the possessor the right of possession. Just by interacting with other institutions of the right of ownership, it entails its legal consequences, which arise and are extinguished together with its acquisition and loss, and which have to do with the acquisition of ownership of movables by means of the
possession in good faith, acquisition of ownership by adverse prescription, acquisition of income of the possessed object, rewards for improvement and the right of custody. Such consequences are treated in this material. Based on the importance possession has in law, it guarantees as well a special legal protection, which is treated attentively in this work.
Key words: possession, custody, possession in good faith, possession in bad faith, acquisition of movables in good faith; adverse possession, natural fruits, civil fruits, selfdefense, possessory lawsuit.

Permbajtja
FAQE
Mirenjohje………………………………………………………………………………………………………..i
Parathenie………………………………………………………………………………………………………ii
Permbajtja………………………………………………………………………………………………………iii
Metodologjia………………………………………………………………………………………………….vii
Hyrje………………………………………………………………………………………………………………ix
Nje veshtrim i shkurter mbi punimin…………………………………………………………………..xi
KREU I
ZHVILLIMI HISTORIK I INSTITUTIT TE POSEDIMIT
1.1 Parashikimi i instituti te posedimit ne te Drejten Romake…………………………….1
1.2 Parashikimi i instituti te posedimit deri ne shpalljen e pavaresise…………………..7
1.3 Parashikimi i instituti te posedimit ne Kodin Civil te vitit 1929……………………12
1.4 Parashikimi i instituti te posedimit ne Dekretin ‘Mbi pronesine’……………………18
1.5 Parashikimi i instituti te posedimit ne kodin Civil te vitit 1982…………………….23
KREU II
NATYRA E POSEDIMIT
2.1 Nocioni i posedimit………………………………………………………………………………….28
2.1.1 Posedimi fakt apo e drejte……………………………………………………………………32
2.1.2 Klasifikimi i te drejtes se posedimit………………………………………………………33
2.2 Objekti i posedimit…………………………………………………………………………………..38
2.2.1 Sendet……………………………………………………………………………………………….39
2.2.1.1 Pronat e paluajtshme publike te patjetersueshme…………………………….40
2.2.1.2 Sendet e luajtshme ne pronesi te shtetit……………………………………………42
2.2.1.3 Sendet eperbashketaper te gjithe…………………………………………………..42
2.2.1.4 Sendet qe nuk kane nje autonomi dhe nje individualitet te vetin…………43
2.2.2 Te drejtat reale…………………………………………………………………………………….43
2.2.2.1 Hipoteka…………………………………………………………………………………….48
2.2.2.2 Servitutet……………………………………………………………………………………..48
2.3 Elementet e posedimit………………………………………………………………………………..48
2.4 Llojet e posedimit………………………………………………………………………………………49
2.4.1 Posedimi natyral…………………………………………………………………………………..49
2.4.2 Posedimi juridik…………………………………………………………………………………..52
2.4.2.1 Posedimi i ligjshem………………………………………………………………………….56
2.4.2.1.1 Veprimi juridik…………………………………………………………………………57
2.4.2.1.2 Posedim ne baze te ligjit…………………………………………………………….59
2.4.2.1.3 Posedimi ne baze te nje akti administrative…………………………………..59
2.4.2.2 Posedimi i paligjshem………………………………………………………………………59
2.4.2.2.1 Posedimi me mirebesim……………………………………………………………..60
2.4.4.4.2 Posedimi me keqbesim……………………………………………………………….61
KREU III
EFEKTET E POSEDIMIT
3.1 Fitimi i pronesise se sendeve te luajtshme me ane te posedimit me
mirebesim………………………………………………………………………………………………..63
3.1.1 Njoftime te pergjithshme ne planin krahasues………………………………………….63
3.1.2 Percaktimi ligj or i instituti te fitimit te sendeve me mirebesim dhe kushtet e
zbatimit te tij……………………………………………………………………………………….67
3.1.2.1 Personi i trete……………………………………………………………………………….67
3.1.2.2 Veprimi juridik me kundershperblim………………………………………………..67
3.1.2.3 Mirebesimi……………………………………………………………………………………68
3.1.2.4 Dalja e sendit nga dora e pronarit…………………………………………………..68
3.1.2.5 Hyrja e sendit neposedimin efektiv te fituesit……………………………………68
3.1.2.6 Sendi nuk duhet ti jete vjedhur pronarit……………………………………………69
3.1.2.7 Sendi i afte per te qene objekt fitimi me ane te posedimit me mirebesim..70
3.1.3 Natyra juridike dhe efektet e fitimit me mirebesim te sendeve te luajtshme
nga jo pronari……………………………………………………………………………………..71
3.2 Fitimi i pronesise se sendeve me ane te parashkrimit fitues……………………………71
3.2.1 Njoftime te pergjithshme ne planin krahasues………………………………………….72
3.2.2 Percaktimi ligjor i instituti te parashkrimit fitues dhe kushtet per zbatimin e
tij……………………………………………………………………………………………………….76
3.2.2.1 Posedimi i sendit………………………………………………………………………….77
3.2.2.1.1 Posedimi i panderprere i sendit………………………………………………..78
3.2.2.1.2 Posedimi i qete i sendit (nec vi)………………………………………………..78
3.2.2.1.3 Posedimipublik i sendit (nec clam)……………………………………………81
3.2.2.1.4 Poseduesi te kete vullnet ta mbaj sendin si te vetin (necprecario)…82
3.2.2.2 Posedimi i sendit per nje kohe te caktuar…………………………………………..83
3.2.2.3 Sendi i afte per tu fituar me parashkrim fitues……………………………………84
3.2.3 Parashkrimi fitues me titull……………………………………………………………………86
3.2.3.1 Parashkrimi fitues me mirebesim……………………………………………………86
3.2.3.2 Parashkrimi fitues me keqbesim………………………………………………………90
3.2.4 Parashkrimi fitues pa titull…………………………………………………………………….91
3.2.5 Fitimi me parashkrim fitues i te drejtave te tjera reale……………………………….92
3.2.6 Shkaqet qe nderpresin ecjen e afatit te parashkrimit………………………………….93
3.2.6.1 Njohja e te drejtes se kreditorit………………………………………………………..94
3.2.6.2 Paraqitja e padise, kunderpadise ose prapesimit……………………………….95
3.2.6.3 Vendosja e debitorit ne vonese………………………………………………………..98
3.2.6.4 Paraqitja e kerkesesper ekzekutim te detyrueshem……………………………98
3.2.7. Shkaqet qe pezullojne ecjen e parashkrimit fitues…………………………………….100
3.2.7.1 Pezullimi i parashkrimit midis bashkeshorteve…………………………………101
3.2.7.2 Pezullimi iparashkrimit midis femijeve dheprinderve gjersa
keta ushtrojne te drejten prinderore………………………………………………102
3.2.7.3 Pezullimi i parashkrimit midis personave qe ndodhen nen kujdestari
dhe kujdestareve te tyre………………………………………………………………..103
3.2.7.4 Pezullimi i parashkrimi per padite e personave, pasuria e te cileve
eshte vene ne administrim……………………………………………………………..104
3.2.7.5 Pezullimi iparashkrimitperpadite e te miturve dhepersonave te tjere,
qe nuk kane zotesi per te vepruar…………………………………………………106
3.2.7.6 Pezullimi i parashkrimit per padite e personit juridik
kunder administratoreve te vet……………………………………………………..106
3.2.7.7 Pezullimi i parashkrimit per padite me objekt shperblimin perkates te rrjedhur nga demtimi i shendetit ose nga shkaktimi
i vdekjes……………………………………………………………………………………107
3.2.7.8 Parashkrimipezullohet kur ka force madhore………………………………108
3.2.8 Efektet e parashkrimit fitues………………………………………………………………109
3.2.9 Rregulla te se drejtes kalimtare…………………………………………………………..110
3.3 Fitimi i frutave te sendit te poseduar………………………………………………………111
3.3.1 Njoftime te pergjithshme……………………………………………………………………111
3.3.2 Pergjegj esia per frutat natyrore dhe civile……………………………………………112
3.4 Pergjegjesia e poseduesit per sendin………………………………………………………..112
3.5. E drejta e poseduesit per shpenzimet e bera per sendin dhe e drejta e heqjes..113
3.5.1 E drejta e poseduesit per shpenzimet e bera per sendin…………………………113
3.5.1.1 Shpenzimet e nevojshme………………………………………………………………114
3.5.1.2 Shpenzime te dobishme………………………………………………………………..114
3.5.1.3 Shpenzime luksi…………………………………………………………………………..114
3.5.2 E drejta e heqjes…………………………………………………………………………………115
3.6. E drejta e mbajtjes………………………………………………………………………………….115
KREU IV
FITIMI DHE HUMBJA E POSEDIMIT
4.1 Fitimi i posedimit……………………………………………………………………………………116
4.1.1 Fitimi i posedimit nepermjet bashkimit te corpusit dhe animusit……………116
4.1.2 Fitimi i posedimit me ane te perfaqesuesit…………………………………………..116
4.1.3 Fitimi i posedimit ne menyre origjinale………………………………………………..117
4.1.3.1 Posedimi ne baze te ligjit……………………………………………………………….117
4.1.3.2 Pushtimi……………………………………………………………………………………..117
4.1.4 Fitimi i posedimit ne menyre te prejardhur…………………………………………..118
4.1.4.1 Veprimi juridik…………………………………………………………………………….118
4.1.4.2 Akti administrate…………………………………………………………………………118
4.1.4.3 Trashegimia………………………………………………………………………………..118
4.1.5 Bashkimi i posedimeve………………………………………………………………………119
4.2. Humbja e posedimit………………………………………………………………………………….120
4.2.1 Humbja e posedimit me mungesen e corpus-it dhe animus-it……………………..120
4.2.2 Humbja e posedimit me mungesen e corpus-it………………………………………..120
4.2.3 Humbja e posedimit me mungesen vetem te animus-it……………………………..121
4.2.4 Humbja e posedimit me ane te perfaqesuesit…………………………………………..121
KREU V
MBROJTJA E POSEDIMIT
5.1 Vetembrojtja………………………………………………………………………………………….122
5.2 Padite posedimore………………………………………………………………………………….123
5.2.1 Padia per pushimin e cenimit te posedimit……………………………………………124
5.2.1.1 Cenimi i posedimit……………………………………………………………………….124
5.2.1.2 Kush mund te ngreje padine per pushimin e cenimit te posedimit……..125
5.2.1.3 Kunder kujt mund te ngrihet padia per pushimin e cenimit te
posedimit……………………………………………………………………………………126
5.2.1.4 Objekti i padise se pushimit te cenimit te posedimit…………………………126
5.2.1.5 Parashikimi i padise se pushimit te cenimit te posedimit…………………..128
5.3.1 Padia per rivendosjen ne posedim…………………………………………………………….129
5.3.1.1 Zhveshja e paligjshme e posedimit…………………………………………………….129
5.3.1.2 Kush mund te ngreje padine per rivendosjen ne posedimit……………………129
5.3.1.3 Kunder kujt mund te ngrihet padia per rivendosjen ne posedimit……………130
5.3.1.4 Objekti i padise per rivendosjen ne posedim………………………………………131
5.3.1.5 Parashikimi i padise per rivendosjen ne posedimit……………………………….131
5.4. Barra e proves ne padite posedimore dhe prezumimet ligjore……………………..131
5.4.1 Prezumimet qe i referohen corpusit…………………………………………………….131
5.4.2 Prezumimi qe i referohet animusit………………………………………………………131
5.5 Ve9imi i gjykimit posedimor nga gjykimi i themelit……………………………………132
5.6 Shperblimi i demit ne gjykimet posedimore……………………………………………….132
5.7 Dallimi i padise posedimore nga padia e rivendikimit dhe padia negatore…….133
PERFUNDIME DHE REKOMANDIME………………………………………………………….134
BIBLIOGRAFIA…………………………………………………………………………………………….144
ABSTARKTI (Shqip & Anglisht)………………………………………………………………..150